(a)
Fish, mammals and birds are all groups of vertebrates.
[ 4 ]
(i)
State the names of the two other main groups of vertebrates. and
[ 1 ]
(ii)
Complete Table 1.1 to compare the features of fish, mammals and birds.
Table 1.1
[ 3 ]
[Maximum number: 1]
The drawing shows a ground squirrel.
Which feature identifies this animal as a mammal?
A
eye
B
four limbs
C
fur
D
tail
[Maximum number: 1]
To which group do both the organisms shown in the diagram belong?
leaf-like fronds which have structures containing spores on their lower surface
leaf-like fronds which have structures containing spores on their lower surface
A
dicotyledons
B
ferns
C
fungi
D
monocotyledons
(a)
Most insects and some crustaceans have compound eyes.
State the name of the group that contains insects and crustaceans.
[ 1 ]
(a)
(i)
State the name of the kingdom that bacteria belong to.
[ 1 ]
(b)
State one similarity between the structure of bacteria and the structure of viruses.
[ 1 ]
(a)
Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled organism that is classified in the kingdom Fungi.
Fig. 1.1 is a drawing of a section through a yeast cell.
Fig. 1.1
[ 1 ]
(i)
State one other kingdom that contains organisms that all have structure A.
[ 1 ]
[Maximum number: 1]
Phytoplankton consist of many species of single-celled and many-celled algae.
(a)
Algae are classified in the Protoctist kingdom. All algae contain one or more chloroplasts. State the name of another kingdom that contains organisms which have chloroplasts.
[ 1 ]
[Maximum number: 2]
All commercial breeds of sheep belong to the species Ovis aries.
(a)
The Merino is a breed of sheep that is farmed mainly for its wool. The wool is very thick and is made of lots of very thin hairs.
Fig. 1.1 shows a female Merino sheep with her newborn lamb.
Fig. 1.1
The presence of hair is a feature that is only found in mammals.
State two other features that distinguish mammals from all other vertebrates.
1
2
[ 2 ]
(a)
Mammals can be classified according to the position and shape of their teeth.
Fig. 1.2 shows the skulls of seven mammals.
[ 3 ]
(i)
Killer whales, Orcinus orca, are mammals.
State two internal features you would expect to find in a killer whale that you would not find in a fish.
1
2
[ 2 ]
(ii)
State the name of the group of animals that includes mammals and fish.
[ 1 ]
[Maximum number: 2]
Penicillin is produced by biotechnology industries.
(a)
Fig. 1.1 is a flow diagram of some of the steps in the production of penicillin.
Fig. 1.1
[ 2 ]
(i)
Organism A belongs to the fungus kingdom.
State two main features of fungal cells that are used to distinguish them from the cells of prokaryotes.
1
2
[ 2 ]