C4.1.15—Chi-squared test Topic Practice
C4.1.15—Chi-squared test Topic Practice

IB Biology syllabusBiology SL/HLFirst assessment 2025
Practise using chi-squared tests with quadrat data to decide whether two species distributions are associated or random.
How this is tested
- calculate expected values from quadrat totals when testing species association
- determine degrees of freedom and compare calculated and critical chi-squared values
- explain whether the result supports random distribution or association between species
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