A Unity and Diversity

A1.1 Water

A1.2 Nucleic acids

A2.1 Origins of cells

A2.2 Cell structure

A2.3 Viruses [HL only]

A3.1 Diversity of organisms

A3.2 Classification and cladistics [HL only]

A4.1 Evolution and speciation

A4.2 Conservation of biodiversity

B Form and Function

B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipids

B1.2 Proteins

B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport

B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization

B2.3 Cell specialization

B3.1 Gas exchange

B3.2 Transport

B3.3 Muscle and motility [HL only]

B4.1 Adaptation to environment

B4.2 Ecological niches

C Interaction and Interdependence

C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism

C1.2 Cell respiration

C1.3 Photosynthesis

C2.1 Chemical signalling [HL only]

C2.2 Neural signalling

C3.1 Integration of body systems

C3.2 Defence against disease

C4.1 Populations and communities

C4.2 Transfers of energy and matter

D Continuity and Change

D1.1 DNA replication

D1.2 Protein synthesis

D1.3 Mutation and gene editing

D2.1 Cell and nuclear division

D2.2 Gene expression [HL only]

D2.3 Water potential

D3.1 Reproduction

D3.2 Inheritance

D3.3 Homeostasis

D4.1 Natural selection

D4.2 Stability and change

D4.3 Climate change

IB Biology HL A2.3 Viruses [HL only] Question Bank

[Maximum number: 1]

The image shows an electron micrograph of virus particles known to infect the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which is associated with gastroenteritis, wound infections and septicemia in humans and animals.

What does a virus have in common with a living cell?

70 S ribosomes

Genetic material

Reproduction by binary fission

Anaerobic respiration

[Maximum number: 3]

The micrograph is an image of human cheek cells viewed with a light microscope.

(a)

Viruses depend on living cells to reproduce. Compare and contrast the lysogenic and lytic cycles of the bacteriophage lambda.

[ 3 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

The table shows the number of amino acids that are different in the sequences of the protein FOXP2 from a human compared with four other primate species.

(a)

Some infectious diseases in humans are caused by viruses that originated in other primates.

[ 1 ]

(i)

State one structural feature of a virus.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Pathogens are disease-causing organisms.

(a)

Outline two reasons for the very rapid rates of evolution in some viruses.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

What mode of existence do viruses exhibit?

Obligate parasite

Facultative parasite

Obligate heterotroph

Predator

[Maximum number: 1]

Which feature is common to all viruses?

Has a capsid

Contains RNA

Contains cytoplasm

Enveloped in host cell membrane

[Maximum number: 1]

What is a difference between the lytic and the lysogenic cycle of the bacteriophage lambda?

Only in the lytic cycle is lambda DNA inserted into the host DNA.

Only in the lysogenic cycle is the host metabolism used to replicate.

Only in the lytic cycle is the host metabolism used to replicate.

Only in the lysogenic cycle is lambda DNA inserted into the host DNA.

[Maximum number: 5]

The diagram shows the structure of a bacteriophage lambda virus.

(a)

On the image, label the capsid.

[ 1 ]

(b)

Describe one reason that viruses are not considered to be living.

[ 1 ]

(c)

Explain how the bacteriophage lambda reproduces in the lysogenic cycle.

[ 3 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Adaptive immunity leads to cells that are infected by viruses being killed, resulting in immune memory which is the basis of vaccination.

(a)

Different types of vaccine are used to prevent viral diseases. Justify this statement in terms of the structure of viruses.

[ 2 ]

(a)

Outline how the nucleic acids used as the genetic material in viruses may vary.

[ 2 ]

0 selected

Question 1

Question 1

Question 1(d)

Question 1

Question 1(d)

Question 1(d)(i)

Question 2

Question 2(b)

Question 12

Question 13

Question 13

Question 4

Question 4(a)

Question 4(b)

Question 4(c)

Question 5

Question 5(c)

Question 8

Question 8(a)