EduNinjaThe micrograph shows a buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus) stem in transverse section. Region T has been highlighted to show more detail.
State one way in which plants can protect themselves from herbivores.
The pie chart shows the modes of nutrition of fungi in Huahu Lake wetland in China.
What is the most common mode of nutrition of fungi in this wetland?
Heterotrophic fungi that feed on living organisms by ingestion
Autotrophic fungi that obtain organic nutrients from detritus by internal digestion
Fungi that have either an autotrophic or heterotrophic method of nutrition
Heterotrophic fungi obtaining nutrients from dead organisms by external digestion
Hummingbirds eat flower nectar and small insects. To which nutritional group do they belong?
Autotrophs
Consumers
Detritivores
Saprotrophs
How do methanogenic archaeans living in peat bogs obtain energy to survive?
They oxidize methane produced by peat to produce carbon dioxide and water.
They synthesize methane from carbon dioxide released by decomposing peat.
They convert organic compounds in fully decomposed vegetation into methane.
They produce methane while converting peat to coal.
The statement is about the role of some bacteria in ecosystems.
> "Bacteria play an important role in recycling nutrients in ecosystems. They live on organic wastes and dead organisms and digest their molecules. They then absorb some of these molecules for their own metabolism, and the rest is used by other organisms."
What is the mode of nutrition of these bacteria?
They are autotrophs.
They are consumers.
They are saprotrophs.
They are detritivores.
One of the distinguishing features of the Archaea is that they are capable of inhabiting extreme environments such as extreme temperatures or anoxic conditions. Outline other extreme environments inhabited by the Archaea.
One method used by microbiologists to distinguish between Archaea and Eubacteria is the conditions they need for survival. Both groups include thermophiles, which are species that are adapted to live at high temperatures. The graph shows the optimum temperature and minimum pH required for growth by selected species of Archaea and thermophilic Eubacteria.
State a possible habitat for methanogenic Archaea.
The photo shows vegetation in the Sonoran Desert, which is part of the hot desert biome.
State one adaptation of plants in hot deserts that can help them to resist herbivory.
Answer two questions. One additional mark is available for the construction of your answers for each question. Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
The diagram shows the flow of energy between some Arctic species.
Which organism is a mixotroph?
Bacteria
Nanoflagellates
Micromonas
Copepods
Eukaryotes are a diverse group of organisms, including animals and plants.
Outline adaptations of animals to herbivory and ways in which plants are adapted to resist herbivores.