(a)

Another hydrocarbon, W, with the formula $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8}$ , reacts with hydrogen bromide, HBr , to give two products X and Y. X and Y are structural isomers of molecular formula $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{Br}$ .

Reaction of X with aqueous alkali produces an alcohol, Z, that has no reaction with acidified dichromate(VI).

[ 4 ]

(i)

Give the structures and names of the compounds W, X, Y, and Z

W

Y

X

Z

[ 4 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Compound A is an organic compound which contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
When 0.240 g of the vapour of A is slowly passed over a large quantity of heated copper(II) oxide, CuO , the organic compound A is completely oxidised to carbon dioxide and water. Copper is the only other product of the reaction.

The products are collected and it is found that 0.352 g of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ and 0.144 g of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ are formed.

(a)

Compound A contains only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Explain how the information on the opposite page about the reaction of A with CuO confirms this statement.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Some intercontinental jet airliners use kerosene as fuel. The formula of kerosene may be taken as $\mathrm{C}_{14} \mathrm{H}_{30}$ .

(a)

To which homologous series of compounds does kerosene belong?

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 5]

Taken together, nitrogen and oxygen make up 99 % of the air. Oxygen is by far the more reactive of the two gases, and most of the substances that react with air combine with the oxygen rather than with the nitrogen.

(a)

Another possible advantage of $\mathrm{Li}_{3} \mathrm{~N}$ is that it contains a large percentage by mass of nitrogen. Another fertiliser that contains a large percentage by mass of nitrogen is urea, $\mathrm{NH}_{2} \mathrm{CONH}_{2}$ .

[ 5 ]

(i)

What class of organic compound is urea?

[ 5 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Two hydrocarbons have the formulae $\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{W}} \mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{X}}$ and $\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{Y}} \mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{Z}}$ . W, X, Y and Z represent different whole numbers.

\frac{W}{X}=\frac{Y}{Z}

Which row is correct when comparing the two hydrocarbons?

empirical formula

molecular formula

relative molecular mass

different

same

different

same

different

same

different

same

[Maximum number: 1]

Carbon and silicon are elements in Group 14.

(a)

$\mathrm{C}_{60}$ forms hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties to those of alkenes. One such hydrocarbon is $\mathrm{C}_{60} \mathrm{H}_{18}$ .

[ 1 ]

(i)

State what is meant by the term hydrocarbon.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

6 P is a compound that burns in an excess of oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water only.
2.20 g of P contains 1.20 g of carbon and 0.20 g of hydrogen.

When P is added to a solution of sodium carbonate, bubbles of gas are seen.
What is P ?

A

$\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHO}$

B

$\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}$

C

$\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}$

D

$\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}$

[Maximum number: 13]

Petrol and diesel fuel are both used in internal combustion engines. Petrol may be regarded as having the formula $\mathrm{C}_{9} \mathrm{H}_{20}$ and diesel fuel as having the formula $\mathrm{C}_{14} \mathrm{H}_{30}$ .