(a)
Compound W is an isomer of Z.
Fig. 4.2
Give the systematic name of W.
[ 1 ]
(a)
Methylbenzene undergoes electrophilic substitution with nitronium ions, . Nitronium ions are generated by the reaction between concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid.
(i)
Construct an equation for the formation of nitronium ions, , by this method.
[Maximum number: 7]
-DOPA is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It can be prepared from vanillin.
L-DOPA
vanillin
(a)
A student carried out some reactions with samples of L-DOPA and vanillin using reagents X, Y and Z.
- Reagent X reacted with L-DOPA and with vanillin.
- Reagent Y reacted with L-DOPA but not with vanillin.
- Reagent Z reacted with vanillin but not with L-DOPA.
Assume that the - group in vanillin does not react. Suggest possible identities of reagents X, Y and Z and give the structures of the organic products that were formed.
Reagent X
product with L-DOPA
Reagent Y
product with L-DOPA
Reagent Z
product with vanillin
[ 7 ]
(a)
Compound M is made from 1,3-dimethylbenzene in a two-step synthesis.
1,3-dimethylbenzene
[ 1 ]
(i)
Draw the structure of L.
[ 1 ]
[Maximum number: 1]
Methyl red can be synthesised as shown in Fig. 7.1.
Fig. 7.1
(a)
(i)
Give the systematic name of P.
[ 1 ]
(a)
Compound G can be synthesised from methylbenzene in three steps.
[ 3 ]
(i)
Give the systematic name of compound G.
[ 1 ]
(ii)
Deduce the identities of E and F and draw their structures in the boxes.
[ 2 ]
(a)
Compound , is a useful synthetic intermediate.
Fig. 8.1 shows some reactions of T.
Fig. 8.1
[ 1 ]
(i)
Give the systematic name for T.
[ 1 ]
[Maximum number: 1]
Compound R is shown.
(a)
State the systematic name of compound R.
[ 1 ]