EduNinjaWater and mineral ions are transported up the stem of a plant to the leaves within xylem vessels.
Some water and mineral ions can pass out of xylem vessel elements to supply parenchyma tissue in the stem.
Explain how hydrogen bonding between water molecules contributes to the movement of water within xylem vessels up the stem to the leaves.
Explain how hydrogen bonding is involved in the movement of water through the xylem.
Some soil-borne fungi cause wilting in crop plants by growing within the xylem vessels.
Which process will be directly affected by these fungi?
cohesion between water molecules
development of root pressure
mass flow during translocation
uptake of water by root hair cells
Fig. 4.1 is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through a plant stem. The xylem vessels are clearly visible.
Fig. 4.1
Fig. 4.1
Describe and explain how water moves from the xylem vessels in the leaves to the atmosphere surrounding the leaves of the plant.
Barlinka is a variety of the common grapevine, Vitis vinifera. Barlinka grapes are used for making wine and are sold as fruit. There are economic and ecological benefits from using less water to irrigate grapevine plants, while still producing a high crop yield.
The rate of flow of sap within xylem vessels from roots to leaves can be used as an estimate of the rate of transpiration. This also indicates water uptake.
The hydrogen bonding of water molecules is important in the transport of sap within xylem vessels.
State the terms used to describe:
- water molecules sticking together within the xylem vessel
- water molecules sticking to the cellulose molecules in the lining of the xylem vessel
Hydrogen bonding is important in the movement of water in xylem.
Outline how hydrogen bonding is involved in water transport in the xylem of a plant stem.
Explain how water moves up xylem vessels in the trunks of trees.
The transport systems of plants and mammals both function to transport substances to and from cells.
Water is the main component of the fluids associated with transport in mammals and plants.
The transport of water in plants depends on the ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds.
Explain how hydrogen bonding is involved with the movement of water in the xylem.
Which terms describe the method by which water is transported within xylem vessel elements?
1 mass flow
2 cohesion-tension
3 osmosis
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 only
3 only
The graph shows the diameter of a tree trunk at different times.
Which statement is correct?
X shows the expansion of the trunk as water fills the xylem during transpiration.
Y shows a reduction in diameter of trunk as water is lost from the xylem due to transpiration.
Y shows a reduction in diameter of trunk due to water held in tension in the xylem.
Z shows the expansion of the trunk as the phloem tissue acts as a sink at night.