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A-Level CAIE Biology
1. Cell Structure
1.1 The Microscope in Cell Studies
1.2 Cells as Basic Units of Living Organisms
2. Biological Molecules
2.1 Testing for Biological Molecules
2.2 Carbohydrates and Lipids
2.3 Proteins
2.4 Water
3. Enzymes
3.1 Mode of Action
3.2 Factors Affecting Enzyme Action
4. Cell Membranes and Transport
4.1 Fluid Mosaic Membranes
4.2 Movement Into and Out of Cells
5. The Mitotic Cell Cycle
5.1 Replication and Division
5.2 Chromosome Behaviour in Mitosis
6. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
6.1 Structure of Nucleic Acids and DNA Replication
6.1.1—Nucleotide structure
6.1.2—Purines (adenine, guanine)
6.1.3—Pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, uracil)
6.1.4—DNA double helix structure
6.1.5—Semi-conservative DNA replication
6.1.6—RNA (mRNA) structure
6.2 Protein Synthesis
7. Transport in Plants
7.1 Structure of Transport Tissues
7.2 Transport Mechanisms
8. Transport in Mammals
8.1 The Circulatory System
8.2 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
8.3 The Heart
9. Gas Exchange
9.1 The Gas Exchange System
10. Infectious Diseases
10.1 Infectious Diseases
10.2 Antibiotics
11. Immunity
11.1 The Immune System
11.2 Antibodies and Vaccination
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