IB ESS 5.1.1 Soil as dynamic system
IB ESS 5.1.1 Soil as dynamic system

IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026
Practise modelling soil as an open dynamic system with inputs, outputs, storages and flows that affect ecosystems and land use.
How this is tested
- draw or interpret soil flow diagrams showing leaching, decomposition and mineral storage
- identify inputs, outputs or transfers in a soil horizon using systems terminology
- explain how human activity alters soil stores, vegetation cover and erosion risk
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