IB ESS 2.3 Biogeochemical Cycles Topic Practice

Figure 1 shows the process of carbon capture and storage (CCS) that can be used to manage climate change. Carbon dioxide ( $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ ) is pumped into three different underground locations, where it is stored.

Flow 1 pumps $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ into an underground saline reservoir.
Flow 2 pumps $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ into an oil reservoir; $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ replaces oil; oil is produced.
Flow 3 pumps $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ into a coal seam; $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ replaces methane $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\right)$; methane is produced.

Outline how Flows 1 and 2 shown in Figure 1 may contribute to the capture and storage of atmospheric carbon.

Bithynia feeds on plant material in the wetland ecosystem.

Describe its role in the carbon cycle of the system.

With reference to Figure 6, outline the effectiveness of mangroves and tropical rainforests in the mitigation of climate change.

Outline how the change in the area of forest cover since 1987 may contribute to the mitigation of climate change.

Siberian taiga
- Taiga forest provides habitat, stores carbon, helps regulate climate and supplies timber.
- Deforestation can affect biodiversity, carbon storage and downstream/global systems.

Explain how deforestation in the taiga may impact the world's oceans.

Discuss how human activities impact the flows and stores in the nitrogen cycle.

Figure 3 shows an incomplete model for the nitrogen cycle.
Figure 3