IB ESS 2.1.16 Quadrat sampling
IB ESS 2.1.16 Quadrat sampling

IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026
Practise using quadrats to estimate non-mobile populations through percentage cover, frequency and abundance data.
How this is tested
- use quadrat results to estimate abundance, frequency or percentage cover
- explain why quadrats suit non-mobile organisms and how placement affects validity
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