IB ESS 1.3.19 Planetary boundaries model
IB ESS 1.3.19 Planetary boundaries model

IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026
Practise applying the planetary boundaries model to judge Earth-system stability, human disturbance and risks of abrupt environmental change.
How this is tested
- interpret a boundary diagram to identify processes under greatest human pressure
- explain how crossing a boundary may increase risk of irreversible Earth-system change
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