IB ESS 8.2.1 Urban ecosystems
IB ESS 8.2.1 Urban ecosystems

IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026
Practise describing urban ecosystems by linking plants, animals, soil, water, air and climate to the environmental functions of city spaces.
How this is tested
- link urban plants and animals to ecosystem services
- distinguish biotic and abiotic components in a city ecosystem diagram or description
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