IB ESS 1.2.5 Open vs. closed systems
IB ESS 1.2.5 Open vs. closed systems
Practise deciding whether ecosystems are open or closed systems by tracing matter and energy exchanges across system boundaries.
How this is tested
- explain why a lake is an open system by linking matter and energy exchange to its boundary
- apply open-system thinking to predict how urbanisation changes water or biomass stores