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IB Environmental Systems and Societies

Topic 1: Foundation

1.1 Perspectives

1.2.1—Systems definition

1.2.2—Systems approach

1.2.3—System diagrams

1.2.4—Types of flows

1.2.5—Open vs. closed systems

1.2.6—Earth as integrated system

1.2.7—System scales

1.2.8—Negative feedback loops

1.2.9—Stable equilibrium in ecosystems

1.2.10—Positive feedback loops

1.2.11—Tipping points

1.2.12—Tipping point effects

1.2.13—Models

1.2.14—Model limitations

1.2.15—Emergent properties

1.2.16—System resilience

1.2.17—Factors affecting resilience

1.2.18—Human impacts on resilience

1.3 Sustainability

Topic 2: Ecology

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

2.4 Climate and biomes

2.5 Zonation, succession and change

Topic 3: Biodiversity and conservation

3.1 Biodiversity and evolution

3.2 Human impact on biodiversity

3.3 Conservation and regeneration

4.1 Water systems

4.2 Water access, use and security

4.3 Aquatic food production systems

4.4 Water pollution

5.2 Agriculture and food

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change

6.1 Introduction to the atmosphere

6.2 Climate change—causes and impacts

6.3 Climate change—mitigation and adaptation

6.4 Stratospheric ozone

Topic 7: Natural resources

7.1 Natural resources—uses and management

7.2 Energy sources—uses and management

7.3 Solid waste

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems

8.1 Human populations

8.2 Urban systems and urban planning

8.3 Urban air pollution

HL.a Environmental law

HL.b Environmental economics

HL.c Environmental ethics

IB ESS/Topic 1: Foundation/1.2 Systems/1.2.15—Emergent properties

IB ESS 1.2.15 Emergent properties

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