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IB ESS 3.1.6 Speciation
IB Environmental Systems and Societies syllabusESS SL/HLFirst assessment 2026

Practise explaining how isolation, genetic variation and environmental change can lead populations towards the formation of new species.

How this is tested

  • explain how natural processes create variation and favour better-adapted individuals
  • link tectonic barriers, new habitats or climate shifts to isolation and speciation
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