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C3.1.12—Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Epinephrine (adrenaline) links named stimuli, coordinating structures and effectors so body systems or plant tissues produce an integrated biological response.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Objective
C3.1.12
Level
HL

Exam analysis

Chance of appearing3%of analysed past papers
Latest appearanceMay 2025
Most common paperPaper1
Typical marks1–2

Common command terms

  • State
  • Explain
  • Identify
  • Describe

Scoring notes

Common mistake
Treating low oxygen as the only trigger and omitting carbon-dioxide-driven pH change.

Recent exam appearances

May 2025Paper2 ["HL"] · TZ15(c)[ 2 ]C3.1.12—Epinephrine (adrenaline)
May 2021Paper1 ["HL"] · TZ119[ 1 ]C3.1.12—Epinephrine (adrenaline)
November 2020Paper1 ["HL"] · TZ021[ 1 ]C3.1.12—Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Practice this objective

Coverage 2020–2025 · Updated 16 Jul 2026

Concept essentials

  • Epinephrine (adrenaline) depends on linking the stimulus to the coordinating structure or signal.
  • The pathway for epinephrine (adrenaline) must keep information flow and response direction clear.
  • Named tissues, hormones, neurons or effectors give epinephrine (adrenaline) its biological specificity.
  • Evidence about epinephrine (adrenaline) is strongest when structure, mechanism and outcome are connected.
ConceptIB Biology HL