IB Biology HL 3.1.12 Epinephrine and heart rate Question Bank
Practise IB Biology HL 3.1.12 by analysing epinephrine effects on cardiac output and intense exercise.
- Syllabus
- First assessment 2025
- Course
- Biology HL
- Level
- HL
Practise IB Biology HL 3.1.12 by analysing epinephrine effects on cardiac output and intense exercise.
The diagram shows a G protein, bound to a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), a transmembrane receptor which responds to epinephrine (adrenaline).

Describe two ways in which epinephrine in the body facilitates intense muscle contraction. [2]
1.
2.
a. the heart beats faster for more blood flow / blood pressure increases pushing more blood to the muscles / vasodilation allows more blood to reach muscles;
b. breathing rate increases providing the muscles with more oxygen;
c. bronchi/bronchioles dilate to allow more air/oxygen into the lungs (for muscle contraction);
d. triggers the release of blood sugar/glucose supplying energy/ATP/cellular respiration (for contraction)
OR
triggers the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver for energy;
2
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