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C3.1.12—Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Epinephrine (adrenaline) links named stimuli, coordinating structures and effectors so body systems or plant tissues produce an integrated biological response.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Objective
C3.1.12
Level
SL

Exam analysis

Chance of appearing2%of analysed past papers
Latest appearanceNovember 2021
Most common paperPaper2
Typical marks1

Common command terms

  • State
  • Explain
  • Identify
  • Describe

Scoring notes

Common mistake
Treating low oxygen as the only trigger and omitting carbon-dioxide-driven pH change.

Recent exam appearances

November 2021Paper2 ["SL"] · TZ04(c)[ 1 ]C3.1.12—Epinephrine (adrenaline)
May 2012Paper1 ["SL"] · TZ229[ 1 ]C3.1.12—Epinephrine (adrenaline)
May 2011Paper2 ["SL"] · TZ21(h)[ 1 ]C3.1.12—Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Practice this objective

Coverage 2011–2021 · Updated 16 Jul 2026

Concept essentials

  • Epinephrine (adrenaline) depends on linking the stimulus to the coordinating structure or signal.
  • The pathway for epinephrine (adrenaline) must keep information flow and response direction clear.
  • Named tissues, hormones, neurons or effectors give epinephrine (adrenaline) its biological specificity.
  • Evidence about epinephrine (adrenaline) is strongest when structure, mechanism and outcome are connected.
ConceptIB Biology SL