(a)
The golden mantella, Mantella aurantiaca, is a small terrestrial frog found in Madagascar.
Fig. 1.1 shows a golden mantella.
Fig. 1.1
[ 2 ]
(i)
Name the domain and kingdom to which the golden mantella belongs.
domain
kingdom
[ 2 ]
[Maximum number: 2]
The Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris tigris, is an endangered mammalian species of Southern Asia. It lives mostly in a forest habitat.
Fig.1.1 shows a Bengal Tiger.
Fig. 1.1
(a)
The Bengal Tiger belongs to the kingdom Animalia. State two differences between members of the kingdom Animalia and the kingdom Plantae.
[ 2 ]
The natterjack toad, Bufo calamita, is an endangered amphibian species in the UK. It comes out of hibernation in April and breeds in pools by sand dunes along parts of the UK coast. A young natterjack toad will take about 10 weeks to develop from a fertilised egg. A natterjack toad feeds at night, by running at its prey, mainly insects and worms, on the sand dunes.
Fig. 1.1 shows a natterjack toad.
Fig. 1.1
(a)
The natterjack toad is heterotrophic.
(i)
Explain what is meant by heterotrophic.
(ii)
Name two kingdoms that are exclusively heterotrophic.
1.
[Maximum number: 5]
The Visayan warty pig, Sus cebifrons, is found on two islands in the Philippines.
Fig. 1.1 shows a female Visayan warty pig with her young.
Fig. 1.1
(a)
Sometimes the Visayan warty pigs will breed with domestic pigs, Sus domesticus.
Suggest the consequences of this interspecific breeding.
[ 3 ]
(b)
Table 1.1 shows part of the classification of the Visayan warty pig.
Complete Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
[ 2 ]
[Maximum number: 1]
The courgette plant, Cucurbita pepo, produces edible fruits that vary in colour and shape.
Fruit colour in courgettes is controlled by the gene A / a.
Fruit shape in courgettes is controlled by the gene B/b.
- A yellow fruit is produced when the dominant allele A is present.
- A round fruit is produced when the dominant allele B is present.
Genes A / a and B/b occur on different chromosomes.
Table 1.1 shows the genotypes and phenotypes of four different varieties of courgette with respect to their fruit colour and shape.
Table 1.1
(a)
(i)
Watermelons are attacked by watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). In 1965, a WMV-resistant plant in the same family, Cucurbita ecuadorensis ( 2 n=40 ), was found growing wild in South America.
State why a WMV-resistant variety of watermelon cannot be obtained by breeding Cucurbita ecuadorensis with a normal diploid watermelon.
[ 1 ]
[Maximum number: 2]
The greenish warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides, is a species of small bird that originated in northern India, on the southern edge of the Himalayan mountain range.
Fig. 1.1 shows a greenish warbler.
Fig. 1.1
Thousands of years ago, populations of the greenish warbler spread around the western and eastern edges of the Himalayan mountain range to establish themselves in north-eastern Europe and Siberia.
- A gradual change in characteristics occurred in these populations, leading to different forms of the greenish warbler.
- One example of gradual change is in the song of the male warbler, which is very distinctive and is used in mating behaviour.
- When greenish warblers from north-eastern Europe meet those from Siberia no mating takes place.
- The greenish warblers from north-eastern Europe and Siberia are now considered to be two separate species.
Fig. 1.2 shows the spread of the greenish warbler.
(a)
Explain what is meant by the term species.
[ 2 ]
(a)
The aye-aye, Daubentonia madagascariensis, is a primate native to Madagascar. Aye-ayes are nocturnal (active at night) and make their nests high up in trees. They feed on insect larvae in the trunks of trees.
Fig. 1.1 shows an aye-aye.
Fig. 1.1
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is the world's largest global environmental organisation. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species evaluates the conservation status of plant and animal species.
The aye-aye is categorised as endangered on the IUCN Red List, which means that it faces a very high risk of becoming extinct in the wild.
[ 1 ]
(i)
Name the domain to which the aye-aye belongs.
[ 1 ]
(a)
The aye-aye, Daubentonia madagascariensis, is a mammal, native to Madagascar. Aye-ayes are active at night and make their nests high up in trees. They feed on insect larvae in the trunks of trees.
Fig. 1.1 shows an aye-aye.
Fig. 1.1
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categorises the aye-aye as endangered. This means that the aye-aye has a very high risk of becoming extinct in the wild.
[ 1 ]
(i)
Name the domain to which the aye-aye belongs.
[ 1 ]
[Maximum number: 1]
The natterjack toad, Bufo calamita, is an endangered amphibian species in the UK. It comes out of hibernation in April and breeds in pools by sand dunes along parts of the UK coast. A young natterjack toad will take about 10 weeks to develop from a fertilised egg. A natterjack toad feeds at night, by running at its prey, mainly insects and worms, on the sand dunes.
Fig. 1.1 shows a natterjack toad.
Fig. 1.1
(a)
The natterjack toad is heterotrophic.
[ 1 ]
(i)
Name two kingdoms that are exclusively heterotrophic.
1.
2.
[ 1 ]
[Maximum number: 1]
The St. Lawrence river in Canada has been identified as an area with very high biodiversity.
(a)
Algal blooms sometimes occur in the area of the Atlantic ocean near the St. Lawrence river. These result from rapid population growth of unicellular algae such as Alexandrium tamarense.
[ 1 ]
(i)
Algae, such as A. tamarense, used to belong to the kingdom Plantae but are now classified in the kingdom Protoctista.
State one reason why A. tamarense is classified in the kingdom Protoctista and not in the kingdom Plantae.
[ 1 ]