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1. States of matter

1.1 Solids, liquids and gases

2. Atoms, elements and compounds

2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures

2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

2.4 Ions and ionic bonds

2.4.1—Formation of positive ions, known as

2.4.2—An ionic bond is a strong

2.4.3—Formation of ionic bonds between

2.4.4—Properties of ionic compounds: (a)

2.4.5—Giant lattice structure of ionic

2.4.6—Formation of ionic bonds between ions

2.4.7—Ionic compound properties from

2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds

2.6 Giant covalent structures

2.7 Metallic bonding

3. Stoichiometry

3.2 Relative masses of atoms and molecules

3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant

4. Electrochemistry

4.1 Electrolysis

4.2 Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells

5. Chemical energetics

5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions

6. Chemical reactions

6.1 Physical and chemical changes

6.2 Rate of reaction

6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium

7. Acids, bases and salts

7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases

7.3 Preparation of salts

8. The Periodic Table

8.1 Arrangement of elements

8.2 Group I properties

8.3 Group VII properties

8.4 Transition elements

8.5 Noble gases

9. Metals

9.1 Properties of metals

9.2 Uses of metals

9.3 Alloys and their properties

9.4 Reactivity series

9.5 Corrosion of metals

9.6 Extraction of metals

10. Chemistry of the environment

10.2 Fertilisers

10.3 Air quality and climate

11. Organic chemistry

11.1 Formulae, functional groups and terminology

11.2 Naming organic compounds

11.7 Carboxylic acids

12. Experimental techniques and chemical analysis

12.1 Experimental design

12.2 Acid–base titrations

12.3 Chromatography

12.4 Separation and purification

12.5 Identification of ions and gases

IGCSE Chemistry Extended 2.4.1—Formation of positive ions, known as Topic Practice

2.4.1—Formation of positive ions, known as

• Describe formation of positive ions, known as cations, and negative ions, known as anions

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