CAIE IGCSE Biology 16.4 Sexual Reproduction in Humans Questions

Practise human reproduction questions by labelling reproductive organs, comparing gamete adaptations and tracing fertilisation, implantation and fetal exchange.

Syllabus
2026–2028
Course
Biology 0610

Exam points

  • match male reproductive structures to sperm production, transport and seminal-fluid functions
  • match female reproductive structures to egg production, fertilisation, implantation and birth-related functions
  • define fertilisation as fusion of sperm and egg nuclei and distinguish it from ovulation or implantation
  • link sperm flagella, mitochondria and acrosome enzymes to movement, energy supply and egg penetration
  • link egg energy stores and jelly-coat changes to early development and prevention of polyspermy
  • compare sperm and egg cells by size, structure, motility and numbers, including why many sperm are produced
  • sequence fertilisation, diploid zygote formation, mitotic embryo growth and implantation in the uterine lining
  • identify amniotic structures and explain how amniotic fluid protects and supports the fetus
  • trace maternal-fetal exchange of oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide and urea across the placenta and cord
  • identify placental pathogens and toxins and link exposure with miscarriage, prematurity, low birth mass or impaired development

Question 1

[Maximum number: 7]

Question (a)

(a)

Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of the human male reproductive system.

Fig. 6.1

Fig. 6.1

Table 6.1 contains information about the male reproductive system shown in Fig. 6.1.
Complete Table 6.1.

Table 6.1

Table 6.1

[ 4 ]

Question (b)

(b)

Sperm have adaptive features to carry out their function.

Explain three adaptive features of sperm.
1
2
3

[ 3 ]

Question 2

[Maximum number: 10]

Fig. 5.1 is a photograph of a koala.
Koalas are marsupial mammals that give birth to offspring that are incompletely developed.
The offspring develops further for several months inside the pouch of the mother.

Fig. 5.1

Fig. 5.1

Question (a)

(a)

Fig. 5.2 is a diagram of part of the human female reproductive system, viewed from the side of the body.

Fig. 5.2

Fig. 5.2

Complete Table 5.1 by writing the letters that identify the structures in Fig. 5.2, the names of the structures and the functions.

Table 5.1

Table 5.1

[ 4 ]

Question (b)

(b)

Pregnant human females have a placenta.

[ 6 ]

Question (i)

(i)

Describe the function of the placenta in humans.

[ 4 ]

Question (ii)

(ii)

The placenta is connected to the amniotic sac.

State two functions of the amniotic fluid that is found in the amniotic sac.
1

2

[ 2 ]

Question 3

[Maximum number: 1]

When does fertilisation occur in humans?

A

when an egg is released

B

when implantation occurs

C

when sperm and egg nuclei fuse

D

when sperm are released

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