CAIE IGCSE Biology 16.4.9 Placenta & Umbilical Cord Functions

any four from:

1 gas exchange / oxygen transfers to fetus / oxygen transfers from mother / carbon dioxide transfers to mother / carbon dioxide transfers from fetus ;

2 transfers of (dissolved) nutrients, from maternal / to fetal (circulation);

3 transfer of excretory products, from fetal / to maternal (circulation) ;

4 (transfer of nutrients / excretory products) by diffusion ;

5 (placenta) produces / secretes, (named) hormone ;

6 transfer of antibodies, from maternal / to fetal (circulation) OR passive immunity provided (to fetus) ;

7 (placenta) separates fetal and maternal blood supply ; ora

8 AVP ;