CAIE IGCSE Biology 16.4.8 Structures Supporting Fetal Development

Practise identifying the placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic sac and amniotic fluid and stating their functions.

Exam points

identify the amniotic sac as the membrane enclosing the fetus and amniotic fluid
link amniotic fluid to shock protection, support, movement and stable temperature
identify the placenta and umbilical cord as structures connecting fetal exchange with the mother

[Maximum number: 8]

Pregnancy can occur after the fusion of a male gamete and a female gamete.

(a)

Describe the functions of amniotic fluid and the amniotic sac.

[ 4 ]

(b)

Fig. 2.2 shows the junction between two neurones with drug X absent and two neurones with drug X present, immediately after a painful stimulus.

Fig. 2.2

[ 4 ]

(i)

State the names of A, B, C and D in Fig. 2.2.

A

B

C

D

[ 4 ]

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