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CAIE IGCSE Biology 14.2 Sense Organs Questions

Practise eye and sense-organ questions by reading diagrams, reflex changes, accommodation steps and rod-cone evidence from graphs.

Syllabus
2026–2028
Course
Biology 0610

Exam points

  • define sense organs and identify the eye's main structures in diagrams, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, optic nerve and blind spot
  • explain how the cornea and lens refract light before retinal receptors send impulses along the optic nerve to the brain
  • predict pupil size from light intensity and explain constriction or dilation using circular and radial iris muscles
  • compare near and distant accommodation through ciliary-muscle action, ligament tension and lens thickness
  • interpret rod-and-cone distribution graphs to locate the fovea and blind spot and relate the fovea to detailed vision
  • compare rod and cone roles in dim-light and colour vision and explain rod-rich retinas in nocturnal animals

Covered syllabus points

14.2.1—Sense organs as groups of receptor14.2.2—Structures of the eye14.2.3—Function of each part of the eye14.2.4—Pupil reflex14.2.5—Pupil reflex in terms14.2.6—Accommodation to view near and distant14.2.7—Distribution of rods and cones14.2.8—Function of rods and cones14.2.9—Position of the fovea and state its

Question 1

[Maximum number: 10]

The eye is a sense organ that is part of the nervous system.

Question (a)

(a)

Explain why the eye can be described as a sense organ.

[ 2 ]

Question (b)

(b)

Fig. 5.1 is a diagram of a section through the human eye.

Fig. 5.1

Fig. 5.1

[ 4 ]

Question (i)

(i)

Draw an X on Fig. 5.1 to identify the blind spot.

[ 1 ]

Question (ii)

(ii)

Table 5.1 shows some of the parts labelled in Fig. 5.1, their names and their functions.

Complete Table 5.1.

Table 5.1

Table 5.1

[ 3 ]

Question (c)

(c)

State the names of the two effectors that contract and relax during the pupil reflex.

........ and ........

[ 1 ]

Question (d)

(d)

Explain why a person is unable to focus on distant objects if the suspensory ligaments become permanently overstretched.

[ 3 ]

Question 2

[Maximum number: 1]

The diagram shows the structure of the human eye.
Which labelled part refracts light entering the eye?

Figure for Question 2 — CAIE IGCSE Biology

Question 3

[Maximum number: 1]

A person moves from bright light into a dark room.

What changes occur in their eyes?

pupil

radial muscles

circular muscles

constricts

contract

relax

constricts

relax

contract

dilates

contract

relax

dilates

relax

contract

Question 4

[Maximum number: 2]

The eye is a sense organ that is part of the nervous system.

Explain why the eye can be described as a sense organ.

Question 5

[Maximum number: 1]

The eye is a sense organ that is part of the nervous system.

Fig. 5.1 is a diagram of a section through the human eye.

Fig. 5.1

Fig. 5.1

Draw an X on Fig. 5.1 to identify the blind spot.

Question 6

[Maximum number: 1]

The eye is a sense organ that is part of the nervous system.

State the names of the two effectors that contract and relax during the pupil reflex.

........ and ........

Question 7

[Maximum number: 3]

The eye is a sense organ that is part of the nervous system.

Explain why a person is unable to focus on distant objects if the suspensory ligaments become permanently overstretched.

Question 8

[Maximum number: 3]

The eye is adapted for focusing on near and distant objects.

Fig. 3.1 shows the parts of the eye involved in focusing. The eye is focused on a distant object.

Fig. 3.1

Fig. 3.1

Rods and cones are the receptors in the retina of the eye.

Fig. 3.2 is a photograph showing regions of a human retina, as viewed through the pupil at the front of the eye.

Fig. 3.2

Fig. 3.2

Complete Table 3.1 to show the distribution of rods and cones across the retina.

Use these words to complete the table, each word may be used once, more than once or not at all:

Table for Question 8 — CAIE IGCSE Biology
Table 3.1

Table 3.1

Question 9

[Maximum number: 4]

The eye is adapted for focusing on near and distant objects.

Fig. 3.1 shows the parts of the eye involved in focusing. The eye is focused on a distant object.

Fig. 3.1

Fig. 3.1

Rods and cones are the receptors in the retina of the eye.

Describe the functions of rods and cones in the eye.

Question 10

[Maximum number: 1]

The diagram shows the density of rods and cones across a section of the retina.
What is the position of the fovea?

Figure for Question 10 — CAIE IGCSE Biology
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