Edexcel IAL Chemistry A2 18.5 benzene electrophilic substitution mechanisms
Edexcel IAL Chemistry A2 18.5 benzene electrophilic substitution mechanisms
Show the full mechanism: generate the electrophile, draw attack from the benzene π system, form the arenium ion and regenerate aromaticity and catalyst.
How this is tested
- Write equations for NO2+ formation from concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids.
- Draw curly arrows from the benzene ring to the electrophile and back from C-H.
- Identify catalysts such as AlCl3, FeBr3 or FeCl3 used to form electrophiles.