CAIE IGCSE Biology 9.2.6 Diet, Exercise & Coronary Risk

Practise discussing how dietary choices and regular exercise reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.

Exam points

link lower saturated-fat or cholesterol intake to reduced fatty deposits in coronary arteries
link lower salt intake and regular exercise to healthier blood pressure
explain how exercise can reduce body fat, stress and clot risk while strengthening cardiac function

[Maximum number: 4]

Carbohydrates are an important component of a balanced diet.
The flow chart in Fig. 3.1 shows some of the processes that happen to carbohydrates in food that is eaten.

Fig. 3.1

(a)

The volunteers were divided into two groups.

The mass of salt consumed by both groups was changed every 4 weeks:
- low salt intake for 4 weeks
- medium salt intake for 4 weeks
- high salt intake for 4 weeks.

In addition, group 2 was given other changes to their diet but group 1 was not.

The systolic blood pressure of the volunteers was measured every 4 weeks. These results are shown in Fig. 3.2.

Fig. 3.2

[ 4 ]

(i)

Suggest one component of the diet of group 2, other than salt, that the doctors changed to further reduce the risk of developing CHD.

[ 1 ]

(ii)

The doctors concluded that some diets reduce the risk of CHD.

Give evidence from Fig. 3.2 to support this conclusion.

[ 3 ]

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9.2.6—Roles of diet and exercise in reducing question 1

Question (a)

Question (i)

Question (ii)