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C1.2.8 (HL)—Glycolysis

Glycolysis converts glucose to two pyruvate molecules in cytoplasm, producing net ATP and reduced NAD without oxygen, supporting usable cellular work and measurable biological activity.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Objective
C1.2.8
Level
HL

Exam analysis

Chance of appearing5%of analysed past papers
Latest appearanceMay 2025
Most common paperPaper1
Typical marks1

Common command terms

  • State
  • Identify
  • Outline

Recent exam appearances

May 2025Paper2 ["HL"] · TZ16(b)[ 1 ]C1.2.8 (HL)—Glycolysis
May 2025Paper2 ["HL"] · TZ16(a)(ii)[ 1 ]C1.2.8 (HL)—Glycolysis
May 2025Paper2 ["HL"] · TZ16(a)(i)[ 1 ]C1.2.8 (HL)—Glycolysis
November 2017Paper1 ["HL"] · TZ031[ 1 ]C1.2.8 (HL)—Glycolysis
May 2015Paper1 ["HL"] · TZ213[ 1 ]C1.2.8 (HL)—Glycolysis
Practice this objective

Coverage 2012–2025 · Updated 15 Jul 2026

Concept essentials

  • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
  • One glucose molecule produces two pyruvate molecules.
  • Two ATP are used and four are produced, giving a net gain of two ATP.
  • Glycolysis reduces NAD and can proceed without oxygen.
ConceptIB Biology HL