IB Biology HL D1.2.5 Translation Questions

In IB Biology HL D1.2.5, ribosomes decode mRNA to build a polypeptide. The order of codons in mRNA determines the order of amino acids in the chain.

Exam points

Explain how ribosomes decode mRNA to synthesize a polypeptide.
Relate mRNA codon order to the amino acid sequence of the resulting polypeptide.

[Maximum number: 4]

Proteins play essential roles in all forms of life.

Outline how mRNA is translated in the cytoplasm of a cell.

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a	mRNA attaches to a ribosome OR translation is initiated by assembly of ribosome, mRNA and tRNA;
b	translation happens by a repeated cycle of events OR ribosome moves along mRNA;
c	tRNA carrying an amino acid binds to ribosome / to A/P site (of ribosome);
d	anticodon on tRNA binds codon on mRNA;
e	complementary base pairing links anticodon to codon/ensures the amino acid corresponds to the codon OR base sequence determines amino acid sequence due to complementary base pairing;
f	peptide bond links amino acid (on tRNA) to the peptide chain already assembled OR peptide bond links amino acids (attached to tRNAs) on the P and A sites;
g	polypeptide released from ribosome when stop codon is reached;