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IB Biology HL D4.1 Natural Selection Questions

Practise IB Biology HL D4.1 by explaining selection, calculating allele frequencies and comparing selection pressures with evolutionary evidence.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Course
Biology HL
Level
HL

Exam points

  • explain natural selection from heritable variation and competition to unequal reproductive success
  • distinguish new alleles from mutation from new allele combinations produced by sexual reproduction
  • interpret environmental or sexual selection pressures from survival, phenotype or experiment data
  • calculate allele and genotype frequencies with Hardy-Weinberg equations and test its assumptions
  • compare directional, stabilizing and disruptive selection through phenotype and allele-frequency changes

Covered syllabus points

D4.1.1—Natural selection as mechanismD4.1.2—Roles of mutation and sexual reproductionD4.1.3—Overproduction and competitionD4.1.4—Abiotic factors as selection pressuresD4.1.5—Differences in adaptation, survival, reproductionD4.1.6—Traits must be heritableD4.1.7—Sexual selectionD4.1.8—Modelling selectionD4.1.9 (HL)—Gene pool conceptD4.1.10 (HL)—Allele frequenciesD4.1.11 (HL)—Changes in allele frequencyD4.1.12 (HL)—Types of selectionD4.1.13 (HL)—Hardy-Weinberg equationD4.1.14 (HL)—Hardy-Weinberg conditionsD4.1.15 (HL)—Artificial selection

Question 1

[Maximum number: 8]

Explain how evolution may happen in response to environmental change with evidence from examples.

Question 2

[Maximum number: 7]

Variation in genetically inherited characteristics is the basis for evolution.

Explain how genetic variation between the individuals in a species can be generated.

Question 3

[Maximum number: 1]

What promotes natural selection?

I. Overpopulation
II. Competition
III. Variation

A

I and II only

B

I and III only

C

II and III only

D

I, II and III

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