IB Biology HL C1.2.5 Anaerobic Vs Aerobic Respiration in Humans Questions

Compare oxygen-based respiration in mitochondria with anaerobic lactate production in the cytoplasm, and explain their differences in ATP yield and exercise demands in IB Biology HL C1.2.5.

Exam points

Distinguish human aerobic respiration using oxygen in mitochondria and producing CO₂, water and high ATP from anaerobic respiration in the cytoplasm producing lactate and low ATP.
Explain how glycolysis, pyruvate fate, lactate formation and oxygen debt support ATP supply during intense exercise.
Interpret exercise data for oxygen use, lactate, ventilation and ATP yield to compare aerobic and anaerobic contributions.

[Maximum number: 5]

Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds to form ATP;

aerobic	anaerobic
requires $\mathrm{O}_{2}$	does not require $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ ;
in (cytoplasm and) mitochondrion	in cytoplasm;
$\mathrm{O}_{2}$ reduced	pyruvate reduced;
high yield of ATP	low yield of ATP;
high yield of NADH $\left(+\mathrm{H}^{+}\right) /$ FADH ${ }_{2}$ produced	low/er yield of NADH $\left(+\mathrm{H}^{+}\right)$ / no $\mathrm{FADH}_{2}$ ;
end products $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$	end products ethanol and $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ (yeast/plants) / lactate (animals/humans);
can use fats/proteins (or sugars)	can only use sugars;
involves oxidative phosphorylation/electron transport chain	does not involve oxidative phosphorylation/electron transport chain;
involves Krebs cycle	does not involve Krebs cycle;

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IB Biology HL C1.2.5 Anaerobic Vs Aerobic Respiration in Humans Questions question 1