IB Biology HL B2.1.7 Pump Proteins Questions

Analyse how pump proteins change conformation using ATP to move selected ions against gradients, using sodium-potassium and cellular examples in IB Biology HL B2.1.7.

Exam points

Define active transport as movement of specific ions or molecules against a concentration gradient using energy from ATP.
Explain that pump proteins are selective membrane carriers that change conformation during ATP-powered transport.
Use sodium-potassium pumps or another scored cellular example to explain active transport and its concentration-gradient effect.

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Study B2.1.7—Pump proteins conceptsOpen the corresponding Concept lesson for explanations, examples and exam connections.

[Maximum number: 3]

Calcium is absorbed from food in the human gut by both active and passive processes. Outline active transport, including the benefits of the process.

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a	moved against a concentration gradient/lower to higher concentration
b	energy/ATP required/used
c	pump/carrier «protein» «carries out active transport»
d	absorption «by active transport» into a cell is possible even if exterior concentrations are «very» low OR allows all/nearly all of/more of the substance/calcium to be absorbed «whereas diffusion can only even out concentrations» OR unidirectional/allows the direction of movement to be controlled OR allows a concentration gradient to be built up/potential energy to be stored/membrane potential to be generated/maintained OR allows a specific concentration to be maintained «in a cell»

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IB Biology HL B2.1.7 Pump Proteins Questions question 1