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IB Biology HL B4.2 Ecological Niches Questions

Practise IB Biology HL B4.2 with population and community data questions on interactions, biodiversity, ecological change and sustainability.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Course
Biology HL
Level
HL

Exam points

  • analyse population and community data using carrying capacity, interactions and ecological change
  • explain biodiversity patterns with sampling, succession and environmental evidence
  • evaluate ecosystem stability using abundance, distribution and sustainability data

Covered syllabus points

B4.2.1—Ecological nicheB4.2.2—Oxygen toleranceB4.2.3—Photosynthesis as nutrition modeB4.2.4—Holozoic nutritionB4.2.5—Mixotrophic nutritionB4.2.6—Saprotrophic nutritionB4.2.7—Diversity in archaeaB4.2.8—Dentition and diet in Family HominidaeB4.2.9—Herbivore and plant adaptationsB4.2.10—Predator and prey adaptationsB4.2.11—Plant form for light harvestingB4.2.12—Fundamental vs. realized nicheB4.2.13—Competitive exclusion

Question 1

[Maximum number: 2]

Outline what is meant by the niche concept.

Question 2

[Maximum number: 2]

Marine sediments form at the bottom of oceans. These sediments contain organic material from the surface waters. Scientists analysed samples drilled from the floor of the north Pacific Ocean, representing 86 million years of sedimentation. Graph A shows the data for oxygen concentrations in 28 metres of sediment and graph B shows the oxygen consumption per cell in 22 metres of sediment measured in femtomoles ( fmol=10−15 mol\mathrm{fmol}=10^{-15} \mathrm{~mol} ).

Figure for Question 2 — IB Biology HL

Suggest reasons for the differences in oxygen consumption between the cells at 2 metres and at 22 metres.

Question 3

[Maximum number: 3]

There is evidence that prokaryotes were responsible for changes in the atmospheric gases 3.5 billion years ago. Outline the role of bacteria in producing an oxygen-rich atmosphere.

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