Explain how genetic engineering transfers a gene into a host and modifies transcription or translation, using expression evidence and mark schemes in Cambridge A Level Biology questions.
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is an immune system disorder caused by a recessive autosomal mutation.
Severe combined immunodeficiency caused by a lack of ADA is called ADA-SCID.
Genetic engineering is used to make a recombinant human protein to treat people with ADA-SCID.
Outline the principles of genetic engineering.
any four from:
1 add DNA to give a new (named), characteristic / protein ;
2 restriction, enzyme / endonuclease, to obtain, gene / allele / section of DNA or restriction, enzyme / endonuclease, to cut plasmid ;
3 combine gene with / insert gene into, vector / plasmid ;
4 introduce, (recombinant) vector / plasmid, to, bacterium / (named host) cell ;
5 clone / multiply, (named, recombinant / GM) organism ;
6 AVP ;