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1. Cell Structure

1.1 The Microscope in Cell Studies

1.2 Cells as Basic Units of Living Organisms

2. Biological Molecules

2.1 Testing for Biological Molecules

2.2 Carbohydrates and Lipids

3. Enzymes

3.1 Mode of Action

3.2 Factors Affecting Enzyme Action

4. Cell Membranes and Transport

4.1 Fluid Mosaic Membranes

4.2 Movement Into and Out of Cells

5. The Mitotic Cell Cycle

5.1 Replication and Division

5.2 Chromosome Behaviour in Mitosis

6. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

6.1 Structure of Nucleic Acids and DNA Replication

6.2 Protein Synthesis

7. Transport in Plants

7.1 Structure of Transport Tissues

7.2 Transport Mechanisms

8. Transport in Mammals

8.1 The Circulatory System

8.2 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

9. Gas Exchange

9.1 The Gas Exchange System

10. Infectious Diseases

10.1 Infectious Diseases

10.2 Antibiotics

11. Immunity

11.1 The Immune System

11.2 Antibodies and Vaccination

Practical assessment skills

Paper 3 Advanced Practical Skills

Mathematical and statistical skills

AS and A Level mathematical requirements

M.1—Prefixes, units, symbols and standard form

M.2—Calculator use, estimations and significant figures

M.3—Magnification, actual size and geometry

M.4—Averages, ratios, percentages and experimental error

M.5—Graphs, data transformation and rates of change

A-Level CAIE Biology AS M.2—Calculator use, estimations and significant figures Topic Practice

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