CAIE IGCSE Biology 8.1.3 Xylem Vessel Adaptations

Practise linking xylem vessel structure to function, from lignified thick walls and hollow lumens to continuous tubes that move water and support plants.

Exam points

link thick lignified xylem walls to support and resistance to collapse under tension
explain how hollow vessels with no cytoplasm reduce resistance to water flow
use no end walls, wide lumens or pits to explain continuous and lateral water movement

[Maximum number: 2]

Fig. 3.3 is a photomicrograph of a cross-section of part of a xerophyte leaf.

Fig. 3.3

Describe two ways the structure labelled B in Fig. 3.3 is adapted for its function.

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8.1.3—Relate the structure of xylem vessels question 1