CAIE IGCSE Biology 21.3.3 Bacterial Production of Human Proteins

Practise sequencing restriction enzymes, sticky ends, DNA ligase and recombinant plasmids to make human proteins in bacteria.

Exam points

use the same restriction enzyme to cut the human gene and plasmid, forming complementary sticky ends
join the gene and plasmid with DNA ligase to form a recombinant plasmid
sequence plasmid insertion, bacterial multiplication and expression of the human protein

[Maximum number: 5]

Bacteria are useful in biotechnology and genetic engineering.
Fig. 6.1 shows a photomicrograph of a bacterium.

Fig. 6.1

Genetically modified bacteria can produce human insulin.

Insulin is a protein.

Describe the process of using bacteria in genetic engineering to produce human proteins.

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