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IB Chemistry HL 2.2.11 Hl Resonance Structures Questions

Draw valid resonance contributors, keep the atomic framework fixed while relocating π electrons, and use delocalization to justify equivalent or intermediate bond lengths.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Course
Chemistry HL
Level
HL

Exam points

  • Draw valid resonance contributors by relocating π electrons while keeping the atomic framework and sigma bonds fixed.
  • Explain delocalization and use it to justify equivalent bonds, fractional bond order and intermediate bond length or strength.
  • Identify resonance in ions and molecules and apply the resonance hybrid to a quantitative bond-length or structural prediction.

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Study 2.2.11 (HL)—Resonance structures conceptsOpen the corresponding Concept lesson for explanations, examples and exam connections.

IB Chemistry HL 2.2.11 Hl Resonance Structures Questions question 1

[Maximum number: 1]

Urea, (H2 N)2CO\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~N}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}, is excreted by mammals and can be used as a fertilizer.

The C-N bonds in urea are shorter than might be expected for a single C-N bond. Suggest, in terms of electrons, how this could occur.

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