Question 1
Primary plant succession has been observed in sand dunes adjacent to the northern end of Lake Michigan, one of the Great Lakes in North America. The youngest sand dunes have beach grass (Ammophila breviligulata) and prairie bunch grass (Schizachyrium scoparium). The oldest dunes have coniferous trees (Pinus strobus and Pinus resinosa).
Outline how the type of stable ecosystem that will develop in an area can be predicted based on climate.