IB Biology HL 4.2.13 Changes during primary succession Question Bank
Practise IB Biology HL 4.2.13 by applying changes during primary succession concepts to exam-style questions.
- Syllabus
- First assessment 2025
- Course
- Biology HL
- Level
- HL
Practise IB Biology HL 4.2.13 by applying changes during primary succession concepts to exam-style questions.
A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.

Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.
a. (bare ground) colonized by microorganisms/pioneer species
b. thin soil forms from rock fragments / decomposing organisms
c. soil retains water from melting permafrost/ice
d. grasses/small plants/herbaceous plants/moss grow
e. (larger plants) create habitat for animals
f. weather/climate may limit plant size/biodiversity
OR
climax community forms