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IB Biology HL D4.2.13 Hl Changes During Primary Succession Questions

Analyse how pioneer colonization and abiotic modification of bare substrates increase soil, biomass, diversity and food-web complexity during primary succession.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Course
Biology HL
Level
HL

Exam points

  • Outline primary succession as pioneer organisms colonize a bare substrate without soil and are replaced through successive communities.
  • Explain how weathering, decomposition and roots increase soil depth, organic matter and water retention during primary succession.
  • Predict increases in biomass or production, species diversity, food-web complexity and climax-community development as primary succession progresses.

IB Biology HL D4.2.13 Hl Changes During Primary Succession Questions question 1

[Maximum number: 3]

A retreating glacier leaves an environment of lifeless glacial deposits, including sands and gravels. Retreating glaciers often offer suitable sites for primary succession.

Figure for Question IB Biology HL D4.2.13 Hl Changes During Primary Succession Questions question 1 — IB Biology HL

Predict the process of succession that takes place on exposed bare ground as the glacier retreats.

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