IB Biology HL C4.2.12 Energy Reductions Topic Practice

a. only a small proportion/20 \%/10\% «of energy» can pass from one trophic level to the next

OR large proportion/80 \%/90\% lost between one trophic level and the next

b. energy released by respiration AND lost as heat

c. energy losses due to uneaten parts/undigested parts/feces/egestion

d. not enough energy for $4^{\text {th }} / 5^{\text {th }} /$ later stages of a food chain

OR

more energy available if feeding at an earlier stage in a food chain