IB Biology HL C4.2.1 Ecosystems As Open Systems Questions

IB Biology HL C4.2.1 describes ecosystems as open systems that exchange energy and matter with their surroundings. Energy flows through ecosystems, while matter can enter, leave and recycle. Exam questions ask you to identify these exchanges and distinguish energy flow from nutrient cycling.

Exam points

Identify an ecosystem as an open system by stating that it exchanges energy and matter with its surroundings.
Distinguish the one-way flow of energy, which is lost and must be supplied, from matter and inorganic nutrients that can be transferred, enter or leave, and recycle through ecosystems.

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An investigation into food web interactions was conducted in mesocosms in the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of France. The effects of the addition of soil and fish on bacterial populations were tested.

Figure for Question IB Biology HL C4.2.1 Ecosystems As Open Systems Questions question 1 — IB Biology HL

Each of the mesocosms is an open ecosystem. State the property that makes the mesocosms open ecosystems.

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IB Biology HL C4.2.1 Ecosystems As Open Systems Questions question 1