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IB Biology HL 4.1.12 Fundamental and Realized Niches Question Bank

Practise IB Biology HL 4.1.12 by evaluating how competition, human activity and resource limits narrow realized niches.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Course
Biology HL
Level
HL

Exam points

  • Explain why competition prevents species from occupying their entire fundamental niche.
  • Use field or human-impact evidence to distinguish potential from realized niche range.

B4.2.12—Fundamental vs. realized niche question 1

[Maximum number: 1]

The model describes the fundamental and realized niches of a species of microscopic marine arthropod in the Northern hemisphere with respect to two different factors ( X and Y ). The abundance of the species is shown over twelve months. The fundamental niche is separated into five zones ranging from critical to optimal conditions. The population of the species in its realized niche each month is represented by an oval. The size of each oval shows the population abundance.

Figure for Question B4.2.12—Fundamental vs. realized niche question 1 — IB Biology HL

Distinguish between fundamental niche and realized niche.

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