IB Biology SL D1.2.5 Translation Questions

Explore how ribosomes read mRNA codons, tRNAs deliver amino acids and peptide bonds build a polypeptide during IB Biology SL D1.2.5 translation.

Exam points

Explain how a ribosome binds mRNA and decodes its codons to determine the amino-acid sequence of a polypeptide.
Apply codon–anticodon complementary pairing and tRNA delivery of specific amino acids during translation.
Describe initiation, elongation and peptide-bond formation at ribosomes, distinguishing translation products from transcription products.

[Maximum number: 5]

People with the inherited disease hemophilia have a deficiency in one of the proteins that act as clotting factors in blood.

Outline how a protein is made in a cell by the process of translation.

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a	translation occurs on ribosomes when proteins/polypeptides are synthesized;
b	amino acid sequence of a protein is determined by the mRNA;
c	mRNA is determined by the order of bases of DNA/order of bases sequence in a gene;
d	codons (of 3 bases) on mRNA correspond to one amino acid in a polypeptide;
e	codons are on mRNA and anticodons on tRNA;
f	mRNA binds to ribosome/(during initiation) small ribosomal subunit binds to the start of the mRNA sequence;
g	tRNA transfers an amino acid to large ribosomal subunit/to the ribosome;
h	reference to start or stop codon;
i	tRNA moves to the next mRNA codon to continue the process, creating an amino acid chain;
j	peptide bond formed between amino acids
k	translation/order of amino acids depends on complementary base pairing between codons and anticodons;