D4.3.1—Anthropogenic causes

a. greenhouse effect describes that greenhouse gases trap long-wave radiation from the Earth's surface and absorbs it keeping the Earth warm

OR

increase in greenhouse gases trapped in atmosphere increases Earth's temperature;

b. burning of fossil fuels/peat/coal/natural gas by humans has released more $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ into the atmosphere causing temperature rise on Earth;

c. raising livestock for feed has added methane/greenhouse gas to the atmosphere causing more heat to be trapped on Earth;

d. industrial processes / fertilizer production has increased the concentration of nitrous oxides/greenhouse gases in the atmosphere;

e. deforestation has increased the amount of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ in the atmosphere/reduced an important sink for $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$;

f. increased temperatures have caused melting of land ice leading to changes to polar habitats/decreasing species ability to survive

OR

melting of ice/snow causes reduction in albedo, so there is more insolation absorbed at Earth's surface;

g. warmer surface water prevents upwelling of nutrients/decreases ocean productivity;

h. coral reef habitat destruction due to changes in water pH / temperature;

i. warmer temperatures/decreased snowfall has led to droughts and loss of life/habitats;

j. rates of decomposition of peat/organic matter increases greenhouse gases;

k. ocean/sea level rise from melting ice/thermal expansion of oceans has impacted coastal regions/loss of land;

I. changing weather patterns due to global warming has caused loss of life and infrastructure;

m. poleward migrations/migrations to more suitable places due to climate changes at lower latitudes;

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Marking guidance:

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