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IB Biology HL D4.3.6 Range Shifts Questions

Analyse hardiness-zone and temperature evidence to predict species range shifts and their effects on competition, migration and survival.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Course
Biology HL
Level
HL

Exam points

  • Use hardiness-zone and temperature-distribution data to predict poleward or northward range shifts.
  • Evaluate how warming-driven distribution changes alter competition, migration, survival and ecosystem interactions.

IB Biology HL D4.3.6 Range Shifts Questions question 1

[Maximum number: 1]

Aedes japonicus and Aedes albopictus are invasive mosquito species that have recently become established in Western Europe. A. japonicus is more suited to the cooler regions in central Europe, while A. albopictus is adapted to warmer temperatures of the Mediterranean regions.

Photograph of an Aedes japonicus mosquito standing on skin, showing its proboscis, wings and long legs.

A. japonicus

Photograph of an Aedes albopictus mosquito standing on skin, with contrasting pale markings on its dark body and legs.

A. albopictus

Suggest a possible impact of increasing mean temperatures in Europe on the distribution of A. albopictus.

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