IB Biology HL D4.3.1 Anthropogenic Causes Questions

Analyse how human emissions from energy, land use and agriculture raise greenhouse-gas concentrations and enhance long-wave heat retention.

Exam points

Explain anthropogenic carbon-dioxide increases from fossil-fuel combustion, deforestation, forest fires and land-use change.
Identify agriculture and livestock as anthropogenic sources of methane and other greenhouse gases.
Use fossil-fuel and atmospheric evidence to link greenhouse-gas absorption of long-wave radiation with contemporary warming.

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Study D4.3.1—Anthropogenic causes conceptsOpen the corresponding Concept lesson for explanations, examples and exam connections.

[Maximum number: 2]

Average human internal (core) body temperature is $36.4^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ , with slight variations between day and night. The average surface temperature of the Earth in the 20th century was $13.9^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ . It has now risen to $14.8^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

Explain how the burning of fossil fuels has contributed to the increase in the Earth's temperature.

a. $\quad \mathrm{CO}_{2}$ is released/is a greenhouse gas;

b. long wave radiation/heat/infrared (emitted by the Earth) trapped/absorbed by $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ ;

c. (so) heat retained in atmosphere;

Marking guidance:

Do not award a mark for 'Earth's temperature is increased' as this is in the question.

b. Do not accept 'reflected back' instead of trapped or absorbed and do not accept absorption of any type of radiation from the sun.

The word 'heat' can be used for both marking points b. and c. but in b. the idea is heat retained by $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ the whereas the idea in c. is heat retention in the atmosphere.

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IB Biology HL D4.3.1 Anthropogenic Causes Questions question 1