EduNinjaSulfuric acid is manufactured by the Contact process.
One stage in this process is the conversion of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst of vanadium(V) oxide, .
State the meaning of the term heterogeneous as applied to catalysts.
In the Haber process for the manufacture of ammonia, why is the heterogeneous catalyst iron in a finely divided state?
to increase its surface area
to produce the maximum reduction in the activation energy
to reduce its loss during the reaction
to reduce its surface area
Ammonia is manufactured by the Haber Process, in an exothermic reaction.
Assuming that the amount of catalyst remains constant, which change will not bring about an increase in the rate of the forward reaction?
decreasing the size of the catalyst pieces
increasing the pressure
increasing the temperature
removing the ammonia as it is formed
The diagram shows a Boltzmann distribution of molecular energies for a gaseous mixture. The distribution has a peak, labelled P on the diagram.
What happens when an effective catalyst is added to the mixture?
The height of the peak decreases and the activation energy moves to the right.
The height of the peak decreases and the activation energy moves to the left.
The height of the peak remains the same and the activation energy moves to the right.
The height of the peak remains the same and the activation energy moves to the left.
Some oxides of elements in Period 3 are shown.
is an amphoteric oxide found in bauxite.
is used as a catalyst in the dehydration of alcohols.
State the effect of using as a catalyst in the dehydration of alcohols. Use the Boltzmann distribution in Fig. 2.1 to help explain your answer.
Fig. 2.1
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes slowly at to form water and oxygen.
The reaction is faster when a catalyst is present.
Which statement is correct?
The catalyst alters the Boltzmann distribution so that the reactant molecules have more energy.
The catalyst has no effect on the value of .
The catalyst increases the value of .
The catalyst provides a different reaction mechanism with a higher activation energy.
Oxidation of ethanedioate ions by acidified manganate(VII) ions is very slow at room temperature.
ions catalyse this reaction.
Which graph shows how the concentration of acidified manganate(VII) ions varies after ethanedioate ions are added?
Nitrogen makes up about 79 % of the Earth's atmosphere. As a constituent element of proteins, it is present in living organisms.
Atmospheric nitrogen is used in the Haber process for the manufacture of ammonia.
What metal is most commonly used as the catalyst in a catalytic converter?
Construct one balanced equation for the reaction in which both CO and NO are removed from the exhaust gases by a catalytic converter.
Nitrogen makes up about 79 % of the Earth's atmosphere. As a constituent element of proteins, it is present in living organisms.
Atmospheric nitrogen is used in the Haber process for the manufacture of ammonia.
What metal is most commonly used as the catalyst in a catalytic converter?
Construct one balanced equation for the reaction in which both CO and NO are removed from the exhaust gases by a catalytic converter.
The diagram below shows, for a given temperature T, a Boltzmann distribution of the kinetic energy of the molecules of a mixture of two gases that will react together, such as nitrogen and hydrogen.
The activation energy for the reaction, , is marked.
On the energy axis of the graph opposite, mark the position, clearly labelled C, of the activation energy of the reaction when a catalyst is used.
Use your answer to (ii) to explain how the use of a catalyst results in reactions occurring at a faster rate.