Practise preparing and reacting carboxylic acids and converting among acids, esters and related derivatives, writing equations with appropriate reagents, conditions and products.
Y is made from Q in a three-step reaction.
Fig. 5.4
In step 2, W is heated with HCl(aq) to produce X and an inorganic product.
Identify the formula of the inorganic product.
is used in the synthesis of some antibiotics.
Two reaction sequences are shown.
Draw the structure of the organic molecule T that reacts with , in reaction 2, to form U.
Suggest a catalyst for reaction 2.
T
catalyst
Allyl chloride is an important chemical used in the manufacture of plastics, pharmaceuticals and pesticides.
allyl chloride
A series of reactions starting from allyl chloride is shown.
In reaction 2, the organic product of reaction 1 is mixed with concentrated and an organic acid, and then heated under reflux.
State the role of the concentrated . Identify the organic acid used.
role of the concentrated
identity of the organic acid
The organic product of reaction 3 is Y.
Y can be hydrolysed using excess aqueous to form Z.
The molecular formula of Z is .
Draw the structure of Z.