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CAIE A-Level Chemistry 21.1 Organic Synthesis Planning

Practise identifying functional groups and planning or analysing multi-step conversions using syllabus reactions.

Syllabus
2028–2030
Course
Chemistry 9701
Level
AS

Exam points

  • compare start and target structures to identify the functional-group change required at each step
  • choose a syllabus reagent, solvent, temperature and apparatus condition for every conversion
  • check carbon-count changes, intermediate structures and plausible inorganic or organic by-products

Covered syllabus points

21.1.1—For an organic molecule containing several21.1.2—Devise multi-step synthetic routes21.1.3—Analyse

21.1 Organic synthesis question 1

[Maximum number: 1]

Compound X is treated with two reagents successively, forming compound Z.

X
Figure for Question 21.1 Organic synthesis question 1 — CAIE A-Level Chemistry AS

What could be Z ?

A
Figure for Question 21.1 Organic synthesis question 1 — CAIE A-Level Chemistry AS — Option A
B
Figure for Question 21.1 Organic synthesis question 1 — CAIE A-Level Chemistry AS — Option B
C
Figure for Question 21.1 Organic synthesis question 1 — CAIE A-Level Chemistry AS — Option C
D
Figure for Question 21.1 Organic synthesis question 1 — CAIE A-Level Chemistry AS — Option D

21.1 Organic synthesis question 2

[Maximum number: 3]

Organic compounds can be distinguished using chemical tests and analytical techniques.

C2 can be synthesised using A1 as a single organic reactant.

A1

A1

C2

C2

Devise a multi-step synthetic route to form C2 from A1. Identify relevant reagents and conditions, and state the organic products of each step.

21.1 Organic synthesis question 3

[Maximum number: 1]

Fig. 4.1 shows a possible synthesis of propene, C3H6\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}.

Fig. 4.1

Fig. 4.1

Suggest a suitable reagent for reaction 2 .

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